), and "cultural untranslatability," (idioms, sayings, proverbs, jokes, puns, etc.). Critics have argued the moral issues raised by the book and the context in which it is presented. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Quotes by Character: Holden Caulfield. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye, Salinger refers greatly in one chapter to ducks in central park. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. The main representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway, Sherwood Anderson, F. Scott Fitzgerald and the writer whose work would be treated in this thesis is J. D. Salinger with his well-known novel The Catcher in the Rye.. In this research the researcher tries to highlight the problems of the translators hesitation of translating the third-person pronoun, which the gender is not obvious, from Romanian to English. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. It will be enough to recollect the difficulties that the translator faced with translating wonderful works of outstanding American writer J.D.Salinger. Concerning the translation of comparison as a stylistic device, the difficulties arise only if the words of English and other languages are various in the semantic structure. The state of one's endowment. This is what Newmark calls "service translation.". After Stradlater asks the expelled Holden to write a composition for him because he "doesn't know where to put the commas," Holden writes, "That's something else that gives me a royal. The New Republic, Vol. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. The semantics of a word reflects different signs of the subject and the relation of its meanings to other objects it denotes. However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. Thus when comparing stylistic devices we can easily identify complete correspondence, partial correspondence and even sometimes absence of correspondence and their functions. When his parents return home, Holden slips out and visits his former and much-admired English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall". Holden has already demonstrated that he fears and does not know how to deal with conflict, confusion, and change. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. why does holden write the composition for stradlatermasa year of service PB Nitom Blog . Lodge suggests that Salingerunbeknownst to his critics - was playing a kind of Shandean game. Offering a bold alternative to the famously critical 1961 review of Franny and Zooey in which John Updike concedes that Salingers fiction matches the tint and shape of present American life, but insists that it pays the price. The first chapter of this study shall define the notion of Translation difficulties and present the representatives of the Modern period and some critics about one of the representative of this period which is J. It is very frequent when grammatical and lexical transformations demand supplementation or omission of some words or elements. Intralinguistic translation, or rewording means interpreting verbal signs through other signs of the same language. His random and repeated lying highlights his own self-deceptionhe refuses to acknowledge his own shortcomings and is unwilling to consider how his behavior affects those around him. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! The theme such as the translation difficulties and lexical peculiarities is actual and well-known today because these are two the most important elements of a lexical-stylistic analysis or important elements of studies in lexicology and in translation studies. The well-known representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway with his writings The Sun Also Rise and A Farewell to Arms.. In the theory of translation, this type of code switching is called atransformation. The example for this wrd with its meanings could be like I left the goddam foils andstuff on the subway (J. D. Salinger: p.170 in English and Am uitat blestmatele aleade florete ?i tot echipamentul in metrou. and throughthis example ispinted out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word. He wants life to remain frozen like the display cases in the museum. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached.. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Nobodyd move. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. Every word in a language carries some concrete notion. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. American Literature books summary. Relationships, intimacy, and sexuality are also recurring motifs relating to the larger theme of alienation. He is a nonconformist. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. . This essay was written by a fellow student. and how should i write it.. pls and thanks" eNotes Editorial, 27 Mar. Does Holden have sex with Sunny, the prostitute? Each symbol has a different effect on Holden Caufields Life, emotions, and actions. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. Give her to me boy it was used for pointing out to the reader that Stradler with whom Holden discuss was a person that didnt pay attention to the persons beauty. Need urgent help with your paper? 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Holden can think about and judge the Eskimo in the display case, but the Eskimo will never judge him back. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. Subscribe now. When Holden finally snaps and attacks his roommate, Stradlater easily overpowers him, and when he tries to seek refuge in Ackleys room, Ackley is so unpleasant that Holden cannot relax. Holden is an immature boy who in trying to seem older tends to lean more towards phoniness, a quality he despises in others. Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. He used to name, above all, the religion as the proper solution (for example, Holden was sad when he lost his girlfriend, and he read a passage in the Bible). Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered "true slang" if it meets at least two of the following criteria: The volume meaning of these words does not usually coincide (except term-words). For this reason, the translator plays an important role as a bilingual or multi-lingual cross-cultural transmitter of culture and truths by attempting to interpret concepts and speech in a variety of texts as faithfully and accurately as possible. This can be done on diachronic level: Chaucers text is translated into modern English. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date,Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. Inter-semiotic translation or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal signs of non-verbal sign systems). Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Or the time when Holden's roommate Stradlater was not satisfied with the composition he asked Holden to write and Holden reacted to it. Idiom more than any other feature of language demands that the translator be not only accurate but highly sensitive to the rhetorical nuances of the language. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% . Experience, he asserts, is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and each separate structure represents a separate reality: No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature., Many scientists investigated J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray expressed their points of view such as: In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." He fought in war. The obstacle for the translator consists in recognizing phraseologisms. Lexical cohesion is a relation that exists between or among specific elements of different sentences in a text and is achieved through the vocabulary. You can use it as an example when writing Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. What did Holden write a composition about? The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? about, []. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. It's ironic because Stradlater is a good student, and Holden is being kicked out of school for failing. Holden nevertheless does shoot people in his own way: when he is in this cynical frame of mind, he expends all of his mental energy denigrating the people around him. When Holden's roommate, Ward Stradlater, requested him to write his Englishcomposition for him, he didn't specify a subject. database? Purchasing The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let go of his past nor of innocence. Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's. And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. He is angry at life for being so unfair. In this chapter also will be exemplifies that Salingers fiction followed a chronological evolution, that there has been a well defined process of creating certain typical characters and that his characters evolved from the early prototypes in his short stories to the fully developed characters in his mature works, or even disappeared for good from his literary creations in a few cases. He desires independence because he feels that the world is an inhospitable, ugly place that, he feels, deserves only contempt. Traumatized and made acutely aware of the fragility of life by his brother Allie's death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearance. You can view our. An opaque expression may be easier to translate than a transparent one. He is scared of the unknown and cannot handle things that are very complicated. Who is Holden talking to? So his main characters (who have a lot of obstacles) learn about happiness. . From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; Breit, Harvey. In a New York Times op-ed piece published after J. D. Salingers recent death, David Lodge charged that many of Salingers critics simply didnt get his work, particularly his post-Catcher in the Rye and Nine Stories work. A criminal profiler may offer an explanation of a suspect's behavior (e.g. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. What did Holden write Stradlater's composition about? D .Salinger: 11) in order to point out the thoughts of another characters about Holden for pointing out that Holden wasnt a good character for another characters. The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. (Chapter 12, pg. Through his work in The Catcher in the Rye, we can see Salinger's battle fatigue or post-traumatic stress disorder in his character, Holden Caulfield. This chapter has also centered on presenting the major themes from Salingers literary highpoint, his novel and his Nine Stories collection. Finally, idioms cannot be syntactically modified. J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. Both physical and emotional relationships offer Holden opportunity to break out of his isolated shell. The Modernist period is a time of the late XIXth and XXth centuries that was marked by the work of the great writer that activated during this period. But in real-world relationships, people talk back, and Phoebe reveals how different her childhood is from Holden's romanticized notion. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? Nevertheless such cases are not always losses in translation. He wrote this terrific book of short stories, The Secret Goldfish, in case you never heard of him. He asked him to write him a descriptive essay. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels.He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Yet, while his behavior indicates his loneliness, Holden consistently shies away from introspection and thus doesn't really know why he keeps behaving as he does. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. Discount, Discount Code In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. Quotation). Those are the statements given to us by the Declaration of Independence. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. (Salinger 201). Inter-language translation means substituting verbal signs of one language by verbal signs of another language, or switching from one language code to another one.

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